Ajwain Seeds:18 Benefits, Uses, Side Effects & How to Take It

Have you ever wondered about those small, fragrant seeds that add a distinctive punch to your Indian dishes? Ajwain seeds, also known as carom seeds or bishop’s weed, may be tiny in size, but they’re giants when it comes to health benefits. For centuries, these aromatic seeds have been a cornerstone of traditional medicine systems across India and the Middle East.

In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about ajwain seeds—their nutritional profile, evidence-backed health benefits, potential side effects, and the most effective ways to incorporate them into your diet.

What are Ajwain Seeds?

Ajwain seeds, also known as carom seeds, are a spice that originates from the Trachyspermum ammi plant. They are small, oval-shaped seeds from the Apiaceae family, which includes cumin, dill, and fennel. Native to the eastern Mediterranean and extending to India, Ajwain seeds have been used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine systems for centuries.

Physically, ajwain resembles caraway or cumin seeds but is smaller with an olive-green to brownish color. Their distinctive aroma resembles thyme, due to their high thymol content. The taste is bitter and pungent with notes of anise and oregano.

Historically, ajwain has been used for treating digestive disorders, respiratory ailments, and as an antiseptic. In Ayurvedic medicine, it’s considered to have “hot” properties and is used to balance “vata” and “kapha” doshas (body constitutions).

Today, ajwain remains popular in Indian, Pakistani, and Middle Eastern cuisines and continues to be valued for its medicinal properties.

Nutrition Facts of Ajwain Seeds

Ajwain seeds are nutritionally dense. Here’s the nutritional content in 100 grams of ajwain seeds:

Ajwain seeds also contain several bioactive compounds that contribute to their therapeutic properties:

• Thymol: The primary active compound (35-60%), which has antiseptic, antifungal, and antibacterial properties
• Carvacrol: Offers antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits
• Limonene: Provides anti-inflammatory effects
• Essential oils: Typically make up 2-5% of the seed composition

It’s important to note that ajwain seeds are typically consumed in small quantities (1-2 teaspoons), so you would receive proportionally smaller amounts of these nutrients in normal usage.

18 Proven Health Benefits of Ajwain Seeds

1. Alleviates Digestive Issues

If there’s one thing ajwain seeds are famous for, it’s their ability to improve digestion. The thymol in ajwain stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes, helping to break down food more efficiently.

For those suffering from indigestion, bloating, or gas, ajwain provides quick relief. I personally keep a small jar of ajwain seeds in my kitchen for those occasional heavy meals. Simply chewing a pinch of seeds after eating can prevent the discomfort of indigestion before it even begins.

2. Relieves Abdominal Pain and Cramps

Ajwain’s antispasmodic properties make it particularly effective for relieving stomach cramps and abdominal pain. The active compounds help relax the intestinal muscles, easing painful spasms.

This makes ajwain especially valuable for conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), where abdominal cramping is a common symptom. A warm cup of ajwain tea during a flare-up can provide gentle yet effective relief.

3. Combats Flatulence

Few things are as socially uncomfortable as excess gas. Thankfully, ajwain seeds are carminative in nature, meaning they prevent the formation of gas and help expel existing gas from the digestive tract.

The thymol in ajwain affects the small intestine, accelerating the digestive process and preventing gas buildup. For chronic sufferers of flatulence, regular consumption of ajwain water (made by soaking the seeds overnight) can make a world of difference.

4. Supports Respiratory Health

Ajwain’s potent expectorant properties make it valuable for treating various respiratory conditions. It helps loosen phlegm and clear congestion in the respiratory tract, making it easier to breathe.

For centuries, people have used ajwain for asthma, bronchitis, and persistent coughs. My grandmother would prepare a simple remedy of ajwain seeds and jaggery for winter coughs that worked better than many over-the-counter options.

Scientific studies support this traditional use. Research shows that ajwain essential oil exhibits significant bronchodilatory effects, helping to open up constricted airways.

5. Possesses Antimicrobial Properties

In an age of increasing antibiotic resistance, ajwain’s natural antimicrobial properties are more valuable than ever. The high thymol content gives ajwain powerful antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties.

Research has demonstrated that ajwain extract effectively fights multiple pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

This makes ajwain useful for treating various infections, from common colds to skin infections. In many households, ajwain oil is still used as a natural antiseptic for minor cuts and wounds.

6. Reduces Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is at the root of many modern diseases. Ajwain seeds contain anti-inflammatory compounds that help reduce inflammation throughout the body.

These anti-inflammatory effects make ajwain beneficial for conditions like arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and even certain skin conditions. A study in Pharmacognosy Research found that ajwain extract significantly reduced inflammatory markers in experimental models.

7. Supports Heart Health

Your heart may thank you for including ajwain in your diet. Research suggests that regular consumption of ajwain seeds may help regulate cholesterol levels and blood pressure.

A study showed that ajwain extract reduced total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL (good) cholesterol. Additionally, the high potassium content in ajwain helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels.

8. Aids Weight Management

For those on a weight loss journey, ajwain seeds could be a valuable ally. They boost metabolism and improve digestive efficiency, potentially supporting weight loss efforts.

Research found that regular consumption of ajwain water was associated with reduced body weight and BMI in study participants. The high fiber content also promotes feelings of fullness, potentially reducing overall caloric intake.

9. Regulates Blood Sugar Levels

Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is crucial for overall health, especially for those with diabetes or at risk of developing the condition. Evidence suggests that ajwain seeds may help regulate blood glucose levels.

Research has demonstrated that ajwain extract exhibits significant anti-diabetic properties, reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. The mechanism appears to involve enhancing insulin sensitivity and improving glucose metabolism.

10. Relieves Menstrual Discomfort

Many women suffer from painful menstrual cramps each month. Ajwain’s antispasmodic properties make it effective for relieving menstrual pain by helping to relax the uterine muscles.

A clinical study found that ajwain extract was effective in reducing the severity of primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain) in women. It has effects comparable to commonly used pain medications but with fewer side effects.

11. Supports Kidney Function

Healthy kidneys are essential for filtering waste products from your blood. Traditional medicine systems have long used ajwain to support kidney health and promote proper urination.

Studies have found that ajwain extract increases urine output and the excretion of electrolytes, confirming its diuretic properties. This diuretic effect can help flush toxins from the body and reduce fluid retention, potentially benefiting those with mild kidney issues or edema.

12. Boosts Immune Function

With its rich content of thymol, carvacrol, and other bioactive compounds, ajwain helps strengthen the immune system. These compounds have been shown to enhance immune response markers and protect against infections.

During cold and flu season, incorporating ajwain into your diet could help reduce your chances of getting sick. My family has a tradition of drinking ajwain tea with a touch of honey at the first sign of a sniffle, and it often seems to nip developing colds in the bud.

13. Promotes Dental Health

The antimicrobial properties of ajwain make it valuable for maintaining oral hygiene. It can help treat bad breath, tooth decay, and gum disease by fighting the bacteria responsible for these conditions.

Research has shown that ajwain essential oil is effective against several bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. In many traditional homes, chewing ajwain seeds or using ajwain-infused water as a mouth rinse is a common practice for maintaining oral health.

14. Supports Liver Health

Your liver works hard to detoxify your body, and ajwain seeds contain compounds that support this vital function. Research has found that ajwain extract exhibits hepatoprotective (liver-protecting) effects against chemically induced liver damage.

The antioxidants in ajwain help neutralize free radicals that can damage liver cells, while its anti-inflammatory properties reduce liver inflammation. For those looking to support their liver naturally, incorporating small amounts of ajwain into the diet could be beneficial.

15. Provides Natural Pain Relief

The pain-relieving properties of ajwain make it useful for various types of pain, from headaches to joint pain. Studies have demonstrated that ajwain extract has significant analgesic (pain-relieving) properties comparable to some conventional pain medications.

For localized pain, a warm compress infused with ajwain oil can provide relief. For more generalized discomfort, consuming ajwain tea may help reduce pain perception throughout the body.

16. Enhances Skin Health

When applied topically, ajwain oil or paste can help treat various skin conditions, including acne, eczema, and psoriasis, thanks to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Research has found that ajwain extract demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria commonly associated with acne. The anti-inflammatory compounds also help reduce redness and swelling, making ajwain a natural solution for various skin issues.

17. Improves Hair Health

Ajwain seeds may contribute to healthier hair by improving blood circulation to the scalp and fighting dandruff. Studies have found that ajwain oil exhibits significant antifungal activity against Malassezia, the fungus often associated with dandruff.

Traditional remedies use ajwain-infused oil as a hair treatment for various scalp conditions and to promote hair growth. The improved circulation may also help deliver more nutrients to hair follicles, potentially strengthening hair and reducing hair fall.

18. Possesses Antioxidant Properties

Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and disease. Ajwain seeds are rich in antioxidants that help neutralize these harmful compounds.

The antioxidant properties of ajwain help protect cells from oxidative stress, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases and supporting overall health and longevity. Regular consumption of ajwain, even in small amounts, can contribute to your body’s antioxidant defense system.

Potential Side Effects of Ajwain Seeds

While ajwain seeds offer numerous health benefits, they may cause side effects in some individuals, especially when consumed in large amounts:

1. Heartburn and Acid Reflux

Ajwain’s “heating” properties can trigger or worsen heartburn and acid reflux in susceptible individuals. The thymol content may increase stomach acid production.

2. Pregnancy Complications

Ajwain seeds have been traditionally used to stimulate menstruation, which could potentially lead to complications during pregnancy. Pregnant women should avoid therapeutic doses.

3. Interference with Blood Clotting

Ajwain seeds may have mild blood-thinning properties, which could potentially increase bleeding risk, especially in individuals taking blood-thinning medications.

4. Diuretic Effects

The diuretic properties of ajwain seeds can lead to increased urination, which might cause dehydration if fluid intake is not maintained.

5. Allergic Reactions

As a member of the Apiaceae family, ajwain can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

6. Interactions with Diabetes Medications

Ajwain’s blood sugar-lowering effects may enhance the action of diabetes medications, potentially leading to hypoglycemia.

7. Thyroid Function Interference

Excessive consumption of ajwain may affect thyroid function by interfering with iodine uptake.

8. Liver Enzyme Changes

While ajwain generally supports liver health, very high doses may affect liver enzyme levels in some individuals.

9. Irritation of Mucous Membranes

Direct contact with concentrated ajwain oil or excessive consumption may irritate mucous membranes.

10. Photosensitivity

Some compounds in ajwain may increase skin sensitivity to sunlight, potentially leading to increased sunburn risk.

How to Incorporate Ajwain Seeds Into Your Diet?

Adding ajwain to your daily routine is simple and can be done in various delicious ways:

1. Ajwain Water

One of the most popular methods of consuming ajwain is by preparing ajwain water.

Simple Ajwain Water Recipe:

• Soak 1-2 teaspoons of ajwain seeds in a cup of water overnight
• Strain the water in the morning
• Drink on an empty stomach

This method is particularly effective for digestive issues and weight management.

2. Culinary Uses

Ajwain adds a distinctive flavor to various dishes:

• Breads and Flatbreads: Add ajwain seeds to the dough for making Indian breads like paratha or naan
• Lentil Dishes: Sprinkle in dal (lentil soup) for improved digestion and flavor
• Vegetable Curries: Add to vegetable dishes, particularly potato-based recipes
• Pickles and Chutneys: Incorporate into homemade pickles and chutneys
• Spice Blends: Include in spice mixes like garam masala or chaat masala

3. Ajwain Tea

Prepare a therapeutic tea by steeping ajwain seeds in hot water.

Ajwain Tea Recipe:

• Boil 1 teaspoon of ajwain seeds in 1 cup of water for 5 minutes
• Strain and add honey or lemon if desired
• Enjoy while warm

This tea is especially beneficial for respiratory conditions, digestive discomfort, and menstrual pain.

4. Digestive Chew

Simply chewing a pinch of ajwain seeds after meals is a traditional practice to aid digestion and prevent gas and bloating.

For better taste, you can mix ajwain seeds with a small amount of rock salt or crystallized sugar.

5. Ajwain Infused Honey

Create a therapeutic blend by mixing roasted and ground ajwain seeds with honey.

Ajwain Honey Recipe:

• Dry roast 1 tablespoon of ajwain seeds lightly
• Grind to a powder
• Mix with 3-4 tablespoons of raw honey
• Take 1 teaspoon when needed for coughs, colds, or digestive issues

How to Roast or Toast Ajwain Seeds?

Roasting ajwain seeds is a simple process that enhances their flavor and aroma while potentially making their therapeutic properties more accessible. Here’s how to do it properly:

1. Start with a clean, dry pan. A small heavy-bottomed skillet or frying pan works best.
2. Heat the pan over medium-low heat. Make sure the pan is completely dry before adding the seeds.
3. Add the ajwain seeds to the pan in a single layer. Don’t overcrowd – use only as much as will fit in one layer (usually 1-2 teaspoons at a time).
4. Stir constantly using a wooden spoon or by gently shaking the pan. This ensures even roasting and prevents burning.
5. Watch carefully as the seeds will roast quickly, usually within 30-60 seconds.
6. Look for these signs that they’re done:
   • The seeds darken slightly to a deeper brown color
   • They become more aromatic, releasing their distinctive thyme-like scent
   • Some seeds may occasionally “pop” or jump slightly
7. Remove from heat immediately once they’re fragrant to prevent burning.
8. Transfer to a plate and spread them out to cool quickly.

How Much Ajwain Should You Consume Per Day?

The appropriate amount of ajwain depends on individual factors and purpose:

1. For General Health Maintenance

• Seeds: ¼ to 1 teaspoon (1-5 grams) daily
• Ajwain Water: Made with 1 teaspoon of seeds, consumed once daily
• Ajwain Tea: 1 cup prepared with ½ teaspoon of seeds, once or twice daily

2. For Specific Health Concerns

• Digestive Issues: ½ to 1 teaspoon after meals, or ajwain water twice daily
• Respiratory Problems: Ajwain tea with honey, 2-3 times daily during symptoms
• Weight Management: Ajwain water on an empty stomach every morning

3. Upper Limit

Consuming more than 2-3 teaspoons daily may lead to side effects in some individuals. Always start with smaller amounts and increase gradually.

Selecting Ajwain Seeds:

• Look for whole, unbroken seeds: Choose ajwain seeds that are intact, with a golden-brown color and a strong, pungent aroma.
• Check for freshness: Avoid seeds that appear dull, discolored, or have a stale smell, as these may be old or of poor quality.
• Consider the source: Purchase ajwain seeds from a reputable supplier or spice store to ensure you’re getting a high-quality product.

Storing Ajwain Seeds:

• Use an airtight container: Store the ajwain seeds in an airtight glass or plastic container to protect them from air, moisture, and pests.
• Keep it in a cool, dark place: The ideal storage location is a cool, dark, and dry place, such as a pantry or kitchen cabinet, away from direct sunlight.
• Avoid humidity: High humidity can cause the seeds to become damp and lose their flavor and aroma, so it’s best to keep them in a dry environment.
• Monitor for freshness: Check the seeds periodically for any signs of spoilage, such as discoloration, clumping, or a stale or musty odor. If the seeds seem compromised, it’s best to discard them and get a fresh batch.
• Use within 6-12 months: For maximum flavor and potency, try to use the ajwain seeds within 6-12 months of purchase, although they may last longer if stored properly.

FAQ’s

1. What’s the difference between ajwain and oregano?

While both contain thymol, they are different plants. Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) belongs to the Apiaceae family, while oregano (Origanum vulgare) is part of the mint family. Ajwain has a stronger, more pungent aroma with notes of thyme and anise.

2. Is ajwain safe for children?

In culinary amounts, ajwain is generally safe for children over age 2. Medicinal preparations should be used with caution and preferably under a healthcare provider’s guidance. For children, dosages should be significantly reduced.

3. How does ajwain compare to fennel seeds for digestion?

Both support digestion, but work differently. Ajwain is warming and stimulating, effective for gas and bloating. Fennel seeds are milder, cooling, and better for heartburn. Some traditional formulations combine both for comprehensive digestive support.

4. What do ajwain seeds taste like?

Ajwain seeds have a strong, pungent, and slightly bitter flavor, often described as a combination of thyme, oregano, and anise.

5. Where can I buy ajwain seeds?

Ajwain seeds are widely available in Indian and Middle Eastern grocery stores, as well as some specialty spice shops.

6. How long do ajwain seeds last?

Properly stored, ajwain seeds can last for several months, but it’s best to use them within 6-12 months of purchase.

7. Can ajwain seeds be substituted for other spices?

Ajwain seeds can be substituted for other aromatic spices like cumin, thyme, or oregano, but the flavor profile will be slightly different.

8. Can ajwain seeds be used in baking?

Yes, ajwain seeds can be used in baked goods like breads, crackers, and even some desserts to add a unique flavor.