Do you know that clove oil has been treasured for centuries across diverse cultures for its remarkable healing properties and distinctive aroma? This potent essential oil carries a rich history dating back to ancient Chinese and Indian civilizations, where it was prized not only as a culinary spice but as a powerful medicinal remedy.
In recent years, scientific research has begun to validate what traditional healers have known for generations—clove oil offers an impressive array of health benefits. This article will explore 18 amazing benefits of clove oil, with its potential side effects. In addition, we will also discuss practical ways to incorporate this versatile oil into your daily wellness routine.
What Is Clove Oil?
Clove oil is a concentrated essential oil extracted primarily from the dried flower buds (cloves) of the Syzygium aromaticum tree. It is native to Indonesia’s Maluku Islands, historically known as the Spice Islands. This evergreen tree can grow up to 40 feet tall. It can produce small, reddish-brown flower buds that are harvested before they bloom and then dried until they turn dark brown.
The extraction of clove oil typically happens through steam distillation, a process that captures the volatile compounds responsible for the oil’s therapeutic properties and distinctive warm, spicy aroma.
The main active component of clove oil is eugenol, making up approximately 70-90% of its composition. Eugenol is largely responsible for many of the oil’s medicinal properties, including its analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.
There are actually three types of clove oil:
- Bud oil: Extracted from flower buds, considered the highest quality
- Leaf oil: Made from clove leaves, it contains slightly less eugenol
- Stem oil: Derived from the stems, it contains the least amount of eugenol
Historically, cloves and their oil have been used for over 2,000 years in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine. Ancient texts mention cloves for treating digestive issues, toothaches, and respiratory conditions.
Today, clove oil remains an important component in modern aromatherapy, dentistry, and natural medicine practices worldwide.
Nutritional Composition of Clove Oil
Here’s a breakdown of clove oil’s main components:
Main Active Compounds
- Eugenol (70-90%): The primary active compound responsible for clove oil’s analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties
- Eugenyl acetate (15%): Contributes to the oil’s pleasant fragrance and offers anti-inflammatory benefits
- Beta-caryophyllene (5-12%): A sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic effects
- Alpha-humulene: Offers anti-inflammatory properties
- Vanillin: Contributes to the oil’s distinctive aroma
Trace Elements
- Phenolic acids: Including gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid
- Flavonoids: Including quercetin, kaempferol, and rhamnetin
- Triterpenoids: Including oleanolic acid, crategolic acid, and ursolic acid
- Vitamins and Minerals: Small amounts of vitamin E, vitamin K, manganese, calcium, magnesium, and potassium
18 Amazing Health Benefits of Clove Oil
1. Powerful Pain Relief
Clove oil has been used for centuries as a natural analgesic, particularly for dental pain. The high concentration of eugenol in clove oil provides numbing effects when applied topically. This makes it especially effective for toothaches, gum pain, and mouth sores.
A study found that clove oil was as effective as benzocaine, a common topical anesthetic, in numbing the pain associated with needle injections in the mouth. Many dentists still recommend applying diluted clove oil to manage tooth pain while waiting for professional dental care.
Beyond oral pain, clove oil can also help with headaches, muscle aches, and joint pain. When applied topically in a diluted carrier oil, the warming sensation and analgesic properties can provide relief to sore muscles and arthritic joints.
2. Potent Antimicrobial Properties
One of clove oil’s most significant benefits is its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Research has shown that clove oil exhibits strong antibacterial effects against many pathogens, including E. coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and even some antibiotic-resistant strains.
The Journal of Medical Microbiology published research demonstrating clove oil’s effectiveness against several food-borne pathogens. Its antimicrobial properties make it useful in natural cleaning products, food preservation, and topical treatments for minor skin infections.
Additionally, clove oil shows impressive antifungal properties, effective against Candida species, including those responsible for oral thrush and vaginal yeast infections. Its antifungal effects extend to dermatophytes that cause athlete’s foot, ringworm, and other fungal skin infections.
3. Oral Health Support
Clove oil’s benefits for oral health go beyond pain relief. Its antimicrobial properties make it effective in fighting the bacteria that cause tooth decay, gum disease, and bad breath. This is why you’ll find eugenol, clove oil’s main component, in many dental materials and oral care products.
A study found that compounds in clove oil inhibit the growth of mutans streptococci, bacteria primarily responsible for dental cavities. Regular use of diluted clove oil as a mouth rinse may help reduce plaque and improve overall oral health.
Many natural toothpastes and mouthwashes contain clove oil, not just for its bacteria-fighting properties but also for its ability to freshen breath naturally. The spicy flavor helps neutralize odors while attacking odor-causing bacteria.
4. Digestive Aid
Clove oil has traditionally been used to support digestive health in many cultural medicine systems. Its carminative properties help reduce excessive gas formation in the digestive tract and relieve bloating.
The eugenol in clove oil stimulates the production of digestive enzymes, potentially improving digestion and nutrient absorption. It may also increase gastric mucus production, which helps protect the stomach lining against irritation and ulcers.
For those suffering from nausea or vomiting, the aroma of clove oil may provide relief. A few drops in a diffuser or inhaled directly from the bottle can help settle an upset stomach. Some studies suggest that clove oil may also help reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome when used in aromatherapy.
5. Anti-Inflammatory Effects
The eugenol and beta-caryophyllene in clove oil possess significant anti-inflammatory properties. Research has demonstrated that eugenol can inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators, potentially reducing inflammation throughout the body.
When applied topically, diluted clove oil can help reduce inflammation associated with skin conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Its anti-inflammatory effects may also benefit those suffering from inflammatory conditions like arthritis when used in massage oils or compresses.
6. Antioxidant Powerhouse
Clove oil contains one of the highest concentrations of antioxidants among essential oils. The ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value, which measures antioxidant capacity, is exceptionally high for cloves and their oil.
These antioxidants help neutralize free radicals that contribute to oxidative stress and cellular damage, potentially playing a role in preventing chronic diseases and premature aging. The phenolic compounds in clove oil, particularly eugenol, are primarily responsible for this antioxidant activity.
7. Respiratory Support
The expectorant properties of clove oil make it beneficial for respiratory conditions. When used in steam inhalation or diffusers, clove oil can help loosen mucus and phlegm, making it easier to clear congested airways.
Its antimicrobial properties may also help fight respiratory infections. Some research suggests that inhaling clove oil vapor may help reduce the growth of pathogens in the respiratory tract. Many traditional cough remedies include clove for its soothing and antimicrobial effects.
For those suffering from asthma or bronchitis, the anti-inflammatory properties of clove oil may help reduce inflammation in the airways, potentially easing breathing difficulties.
8. Blood Sugar Regulation
Emerging research suggests that clove oil may help regulate blood sugar levels. A study found that compounds in cloves improved insulin function and helped control blood glucose levels in laboratory studies.
The manganese content in cloves is also important for blood sugar regulation, as this mineral plays a role in glucose metabolism. For those with diabetes or pre-diabetes, incorporating culinary amounts of cloves into the diet may provide supportive benefits.
9. Immune System Boost
The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of clove oil contribute to its immune-supporting effects. Regular use of clove oil in diffusers, especially during cold and flu season, may help reduce airborne pathogens and strengthen respiratory defenses.
Clove oil contains compounds that may stimulate the production of white blood cells, enhancing the body’s natural defense system. Its anti-inflammatory properties can also help modulate immune responses.
When feeling the first signs of illness, many herbalists recommend adding a drop of highly diluted clove oil to honey tea or using it in steam inhalation to support the body’s natural defenses. However, internal use should always be approached with caution and preferably under professional guidance.
10. Natural Insect Repellent
Clove oil serves as an effective natural insect repellent. Its strong aroma repels many insects, including mosquitoes, flies, and moths. Research found that clove oil provided protection against mosquito bites for up to two hours when applied to the skin in a diluted form.
Beyond just repelling insects, clove oil can also help treat insect bites and stings. Its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties help reduce pain, swelling, and itching when applied topically to affected areas.
For household pest control, clove oil offers a chemical-free alternative to conventional insecticides. Spraying diluted clove oil around entry points or in areas where insects are problematic can help keep your home pest-free without exposing family members and pets to harmful chemicals.
11. Skin Health and Acne Treatment
The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of clove oil make it valuable for skin health, particularly for acne treatment. When properly diluted, clove oil can help kill acne-causing bacteria while reducing redness and inflammation associated with breakouts.
Clove oil’s antiseptic properties also make it useful for treating minor cuts and scrapes, helping prevent infection and promote healing. Its antioxidant content may also help protect skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
For those with fungal skin infections like athlete’s foot or ringworm, topical applications of diluted clove oil may help eradicate the fungus.
12. Stress Relief and Mood Enhancement
The warm, spicy aroma of clove oil makes it popular in aromatherapy for stress relief and mood enhancement. When diffused, clove oil can create a comforting atmosphere that helps reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
Some research suggests that inhaling clove oil may influence brain activity in ways that reduce stress responses. The stimulating yet comforting nature of its scent can help improve mental clarity and focus while simultaneously calming nervous tension.
Plus, incorporating clove oil into massage blends can enhance its stress-relieving effects. The warming sensation it creates when applied to skin helps relax tense muscles while its aroma works on the mind.
13. Headache Relief
Clove oil can be effective for relieving different types of headaches, including tension headaches and migraines. Its analgesic properties help numb pain. Its anti-inflammatory effects may reduce inflammation that contributes to headache pain.
For tension headaches, diluted clove oil can be massaged into the temples, forehead, and back of the neck, providing both aromatic and topical benefits. The cooling sensation also helps relax tense muscles that may be contributing to headache pain.
Some evidence suggests that the eugenol in clove oil may help regulate blood vessel dilation, potentially beneficial for migraine sufferers.
14. Natural Preservative
The powerful antimicrobial properties of clove oil make it an excellent natural food preservative. Research has shown that clove oil can inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds that cause food spoilage and food-borne illness.
In natural skincare and cosmetic formulations, clove oil can help extend shelf life without the need for synthetic preservatives. Only tiny amounts are needed to achieve this preservative effect, which also minimizes the potential for skin sensitivity.
Some food manufacturers are beginning to use clove oil as part of natural preservative systems in organic and natural food products, responding to consumer demand for fewer synthetic additives. At home, adding a clove or two to stored grains can help prevent weevils and other pests.
15. Liver Protection
Some research suggests that clove oil may offer hepatoprotective effects. Studies found that eugenol and other compounds in cloves helped protect the liver from damage caused by toxins.
The antioxidants in clove oil may help reduce oxidative stress in the liver, potentially supporting its natural detoxification processes. This is particularly relevant given the liver’s crucial role in processing medications, alcohol, and environmental toxins.
16. Hair and Scalp Health
Clove oil can promote hair health when used in hair care formulations. Its stimulating properties may improve blood circulation to the scalp when gently massaged in (always diluted in carrier oil), potentially promoting hair growth and strength.
The antifungal properties of clove oil make it helpful for treating dandruff, especially when the condition is caused by fungal overgrowth. A few drops of clove oil added to shampoo or diluted in coconut oil as a pre-wash treatment can help control flaking and itching. Some traditional hair care practices use clove oil to enhance hair color naturally, particularly for darker hair shades.
17. Energy Boost and Mental Clarity
The stimulating nature of clove oil makes it useful for enhancing energy and mental clarity. When diffused in a workspace or study area, the aroma of clove oil can help improve concentration and combat mental fatigue.
Some research suggests that inhaling clove oil may temporarily increase blood flow to the brain, potentially enhancing cognitive function. The oil’s stimulating properties can provide a natural alternative to caffeine when afternoon energy levels dip.
18. Cancer-Fighting Potential
Emerging research is investigating the potential anti-cancer properties of compounds found in clove oil, particularly eugenol. Laboratory studies have found that eugenol showed cytotoxic effects against several cancer cell lines, including breast, cervical, and colon cancers.
The mechanisms behind these effects appear to involve inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the powerful antioxidant properties of clove oil may help prevent the DNA damage that can lead to cancer initiation.
While these laboratory findings are promising, it’s important to note that research is still preliminary, and most studies have used isolated compounds rather than whole clove oil.
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
Despite its many benefits, clove oil is extremely potent and can cause adverse reactions if used improperly. Here are important precautions to consider:
1. Skin Irritation and Sensitivity
Undiluted clove oil can cause severe skin irritation, a burning sensation, and even chemical burns when applied directly to the skin. Always dilute clove oil in a carrier oil (like coconut, olive, or jojoba oil) before topical application. A safe dilution is typically 0.5-1% (3-6 drops per ounce of carrier oil).
Always perform a patch test before using clove oil topically, even when diluted. Apply a small amount of diluted oil to the inside of your forearm and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions.
2. Oral Tissue Sensitivity
While clove oil is famous for dental pain relief, it can actually damage gum tissues and tooth pulp if used undiluted. When using for a toothache, apply only a tiny amount of diluted oil using a cotton swab.
Prolonged direct contact with oral mucous membranes can cause tissue damage and increased sensitivity over time. Use clove oil for oral health intermittently rather than daily for extended periods. Children and those with existing oral conditions should use particularly diluted preparations or seek alternative remedies.
3. Internal Consumption Risks
Pure clove essential oil should not be ingested in its concentrated form. Ingestion of undiluted clove oil can cause liver damage, blood disorders, and severe digestive issues, including burning of the throat, vomiting, and diarrhea.
If a recipe calls for clove oil for flavoring, ensure you’re using food-grade clove oil specifically labeled for culinary use, which is significantly less concentrated than essential oil. Even then, use only a tiny amount—typically just a drop or two for an entire dish.
4. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Concerns
Pregnant women should avoid using clove oil throughout pregnancy. The stimulating effects of clove oil could potentially affect uterine contractions, and there’s insufficient research establishing its safety during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding mothers should also exercise caution, as components of clove oil could potentially pass into breast milk. If using clove oil while breastfeeding, avoid application near the breast area and wash hands thoroughly after handling.
5. Interaction with Medications
Clove oil may interact with several types of medications, including:
- Blood thinners (like warfarin or aspirin)
- Diabetes medications (may enhance blood sugar-lowering effects)
- Antidepressants, particularly MAOIs
- Anticonvulsant drugs
Anyone taking prescription medications should consult their healthcare provider before using clove oil, even topically, as some components can be absorbed through the skin.
6. Special Precautions for Children
Clove oil is not recommended for use on children under age 2. For older children, use only highly diluted preparations (0.25% or less) and only when necessary.
Never apply clove oil near a child’s nose or mouth, as inhalation of the concentrated oil can cause breathing difficulties. Keep all essential oils, including clove oil, stored safely away from children’s reach.
How to Use Clove Oil Safely?
When used correctly, clove oil can be incorporated into your wellness routine in various ways:
For Pain Relief
Toothache Remedy:
- Dilute 1-2 drops of clove oil in 1 teaspoon of carrier oil (like coconut or olive oil).
- Apply a small amount to a cotton ball or swab.
- Gently apply to the affected area, being careful not to get it on other oral tissues.
- Reapply as needed, but seek professional dental care as soon as possible.
Muscle Pain Relief:
- Create a massage oil by mixing 5-6 drops of clove oil with 2 tablespoons of carrier oil.
- Massage into sore muscles using gentle circular motions.
- Apply a warm compress afterward for enhanced relief.
Headache Relief:
- Dilute 2-3 drops of clove oil with 1 tablespoon of carrier oil.
- Gently massage into temples, forehead, and back of neck (avoid getting near eyes).
- Alternatively, add a few drops to a cool compress and apply to the forehead.
For Respiratory Support
Steam Inhalation:
- Add 3-4 drops of clove oil to a bowl of hot water.
- Place a towel over your head and the bowl, creating a tent.
- Breathe in the steam for 5-10 minutes (keep eyes closed to avoid irritation).
- Perform once or twice daily when congested.
Diffuser Blend:
- Add 2-3 drops of clove oil to your diffuser.
- Combine with complementary oils like eucalyptus, cinnamon, or orange for enhanced effects.
- Diffuse for 30-minute intervals in well-ventilated areas.
Chest Rub:
- Combine 3 drops of clove oil, 3 drops of eucalyptus oil, and 2 tablespoons of carrier oil.
- Apply to the chest and upper back.
- Cover with a warm towel for deeper penetration.
For Skin Care
Acne Treatment:
- Create a spot treatment by diluting 1 drop of clove oil in 1 tablespoon of witch hazel or aloe vera gel.
- Apply to blemishes with a cotton swab.
- Use once daily, preferably in the evening.
Antifungal Treatment:
- Mix 4-5 drops of clove oil with 1 ounce of carrier oil.
- Apply to affected areas twice daily for athlete’s foot or ringworm.
- Continue for 1-2 weeks after symptoms resolve to prevent recurrence.
Facial Steam:
- Add 1-2 drops of clove oil to a bowl of hot water.
- Place your face over the bowl (at a comfortable distance) with a towel covering your head.
- Steam for 5 minutes, then rinse face with cool water.
- Follow with moisturizer.
For Home Use
Natural Cleaning Spray:
- In a spray bottle, combine 10 drops of clove oil, 10 drops of lemon oil, 1 cup of water, and ¼ cup of white vinegar.
- Shake well before each use.
- Use on countertops, sinks, and other hard surfaces (test on an inconspicuous area first).
Insect Repellent:
- Create a spray by mixing 10 drops of clove oil, 10 drops of citronella oil, and 10 drops of lemongrass oil with 2 ounces of witch hazel and 2 ounces of water.
- Spray on exposed skin before outdoor activities, avoiding the face and sensitive areas.
- Reapply every 2 hours as needed.
Air Freshener:
- In a spray bottle, combine 5 drops of clove oil, 5 drops of orange oil, 1 cup of water, and 1 tablespoon of vodka (helps oils disperse).
- Shake well and spray in rooms as needed.
- Avoid spraying directly on fabrics or furniture without testing first.
For Oral Health
Mouthwash:
- Add 1 drop of clove oil and 1 teaspoon of salt to a cup of warm water.
- Swish in mouth for 30 seconds and spit out.
- Use occasionally, not as a daily mouthwash.
Toothpaste Additive:
- Add 1 drop of clove oil to your regular amount of toothpaste on the brush.
- Brush normally, being careful not to swallow.
- Use this method no more than twice weekly.
The numbing effect of properly applied clove oil typically lasts 2-3 hours. However, clove oil is a temporary solution for dental pain. You should seek professional dental care as soon as possible, as tooth pain usually indicates a condition that requires treatment.
For Culinary Use
Important Note: For cooking, always use food-grade clove oil labeled specifically for culinary purposes, which is different from therapeutic essential oil.
Flavoring Beverages:
- Add a toothpick dipped in food-grade clove oil to hot chocolate, cider, or tea.
- Stir well before tasting, adding more if needed (start minimal!).
Baking Enhancement:
- Use a toothpick dipped in food-grade clove oil to add flavor to cookie dough, cake batter, or pie fillings.
- Mix thoroughly to distribute the flavor evenly.
Preserving Homemade Condiments:
- Add a single drop of food-grade clove oil to homemade ketchup, barbecue sauce, or pickles.
- Incorporate thoroughly before tasting and adjusting.
How to Store Clove Oil?
Clove oil should be stored in a cool, dark place, such as a cabinet or drawer, to preserve its potency and prevent oxidation. The oil should be kept in a tightly sealed, amber or dark-colored glass bottle to protect it from light exposure.
It’s best to store clove oil at room temperature, avoiding refrigeration or freezing, as extreme temperatures can alter the oil’s chemical composition.
Conclusion
Clove oil stands as one of nature’s most potent therapeutic substances, offering a remarkable range of benefits. Its rich history of traditional use across cultures is increasingly supported by modern scientific research that continues to uncover new potential applications for this versatile oil.
However, with great power comes great responsibility. The very potency that makes clove oil so effective also necessitates careful, respectful use. By understanding proper dilution techniques, potential contraindications, and appropriate applications, you can safely incorporate clove oil into your natural health toolkit.
